Other notable English-language translations of the Noli and Fili in U-M collections are León Ma. We also have Charles Derbyshire’s The Social Cancer, first published in 1912, and a 1931 edition of Derbyshire’s translation of the Fili, titled The Reign of Greed. The known oldest English-language translation of the Noli is An Eagle Flight, an adaptation published in 1900 in New York. Since Spanish has never been spoken as a majority language in the Philippines, the only way for Filipino readers to understand the Noli and Fili was to read them in translation. Rizal’s two novels are the most translated works in the Hispanofilipino canon. This illustration above from the cover of the 1961 edition of Noli me tángere depicts an iconic scene from the novel, where the protagonist Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra attacks Padre Dámaso after the Spanish priest taunts the memory of Ibarra’s dead father.
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